Study Guide for Chapter 19 Test
Essential Understandings
Advances in transportation linked resources, products, and markets.
Manufacturing areas were clustered near centers of population.
Inventions had both positive and negative effects on society.
Between the Civil War and World
The United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
Essential Questions
How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and markets?
What are some examples of manufacturing areas that were located near centers of population?
What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?
What created the rise in big business?
What factors caused the growth of industry?
How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on American farms?
Essential Knowledge
Transportation of resources
- Moving natural resources (e.g., copper and lead) to eastern factories
- Moving iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills (e.g., Pittsburgh)
- Transporting finished products to national markets
Examples of manufacturing areas
- Textile industry—New England
- Automobile industry—Detroit
- Steel industry—Pittsburgh
Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth
- Lighting and mechanical uses of electricity (Thomas Edison)
- Telephone service (Alexander Graham Bell)
Reasons for rise and prosperity of big business
- National markets created by transportation advances
- Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller, oil; Andrew Carnegie, steel; Henry Ford, automobile)
- Advertising
- Lower-cost production
Factors resulting in growth of industry
- Access to raw materials and energy
- Availability of work force
- Inventions
- Financial resources
Examples of big business
Postwar changes in farm and city life
- Mechanization (e.g., the reaper) had reduced farm labor needs and increased production.
- Industrial development in cities created increased labor needs.
- Industrialization provided access to consumer goods (e.g., mail order).
Vocabulary
vertical integration
corporation
dividend
monopoly
mass production
consolidation
stocks
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
network
Bessemer process
free enterprise system
rebate
capital
trust
pool
People (Know facts about Each)
Knights of Labor
American Federation of Labor
Henry Ford
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Andrew Carnegie
JP Morgan
JD Rockefeller
Thomas Edison
Wright Brothers
Gustavus Swift
Alexander Graham Bell